1. Differentiate between the following terms. Illustrate your answers. 

i) Soil profile and soil horizon

ii) Disintegration and decomposition in soil formation

2. Describe the various ways to find out the exact percentage of sand, silt and clay particles in soil. 

3. What are essential plant nutrients? Explain nutrient availability in soils.

4. How do the abnormal properties of water help in the operations of hydrological cycle? 

5. 75cc of water sample requires 10.2 cc of 0.01 M EDTA for titration in presence of eriochrome black T indicator. Calculate the total hardness. 

6. What are the problems associated with monitoring by physical & chemical methods? 

7. How do water vapours and carbon dioxide contribute to the phenomenon of global warming? 

8. What do you understand by ozone layer depletion? Enlist various effects of ozone layer depletion. 

9. Differentiate between the following: 

i) Particulate and Gaseous pollutants

ii) Dry adiabatic lapse rate and environment lapse rate

10. Write the principle involved in chemiluminescence and spectrophotometry for air pollutant determination. Also state the pollutants which can be analysed using these methods.  

11. Briefly explain the methods which are used for reducing waste water quantity.

12. List the characteristics of an ideal pesticide.  

13. Which gases are present in untreated waste water? 

14. What are nuisance organisms? Give their effects with suitable examples.

15. Describe the process of sampling of soil.  

1. Differentiate between the following terms. Illustrate your answers.

i) Soil profile and soil horizon ii) Disintegration and decomposition in soil formation

16. Expand EDTA and write its structure. How is this reagent used in titrimetric analysis? Explain. 

17. Describe the mechanism of ion exchange in ion exchange chromatography and illustrate your answer. 

18. Enumerate the steps followed in measuring pH using a pH meter.

19. Give a graphical presentation of absorption spectral data indicating the max and  values in it. Illustrated your answer. 

20. Enlist the precautions that should be followed in taking water samples for bacteriological analysis.